Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences

1.The Run-Up to Civil Disobedience Movement

• Calcutta Session (December 1928): Dominion Status or Purna SwarajImportance 4/5
  Which younger leaders wanted purna swaraj as the goal, and why did older leaders want dominion status kept? Remember how the grace period given to the government changed, and what Congress said it would do if the demand was not met. Also remember what was approved at this session.
• Political Activity During 1929Importance 2/5
  Recognise the events that kept tension high in 1929: the foreign cloth boycott campaign and Gandhi's part in it, the Meerut Conspiracy Case, the bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly, and the change of government in Britain. Who became Secretary of State for India?
• Irwin's Declaration (October 31, 1929)Importance 3/5UPSC 2004
  Remember the date and form of the declaration and who supported it. Understand how it linked dominion status to the Declaration of 1917, and why it was seen as offering nothing new. What did Irwin promise about a conference?
• Delhi ManifestoImportance 3/5
  What three conditions did national leaders set for attending the Round Table Conference? Understand why the first condition would make the conference work like a constituent assembly. Remember how Irwin answered when Gandhi and others met him in December 1929.
• Nehru's Presidency and Address at LahoreImportance 3/5UPSC 2006
  Why was Nehru made president of the Lahore session, even though most Provincial Congress Committees opposed him? Remember the two reasons given. Understand the three themes of his address: the "open conspiracy", his own socialist and republican stand, and the kind of movement he wanted.
• Decisions of the Lahore Session (December 1929)Importance 5/5UPSC 4 Years
  Remember the four major decisions of the session: what Congress did about the Round Table Conference, its goal, the powers given to the Working Committee (including the call to legislators), and the day fixed for Independence Day. Also recall what happened on the Ravi at midnight on December 31, 1929.
• The Independence Pledge (January 26, 1930)Importance 4/5
  How was the day observed, and who is believed to have drafted the pledge? Understand its charges against British rule under four heads: economic, political, cultural and spiritual. Remember the method the pledge set out for working towards complete independence.

2.Civil Disobedience Movement—the Salt Satyagraha and Other Upsurges

• Gandhi's Eleven Demands and the UltimatumImportance 3/5
  What was the date of Gandhi's ultimatum to the government? Be able to sort his demands into general, bourgeois and peasant demands, and know which set the salt tax belonged to. What powers did the Congress Working Committee then give Gandhi?
• Why Salt Was ChosenImportance 4/5
  Understand Gandhi's argument about the salt tax and the poor. You should be able to explain why salt suited a mass movement better than a no-rent campaign, and what it offered the rural poor and the urban public.
• Dandi March: Plan, Route and DatesImportance 5/5UPSC 5 Years
  Remember the plan Gandhi sent to the viceroy, the number of marchers, the starting point, the distance, the dates of the start and of breaking the salt law. Understand what breaking this law stood for, and how Gujarat's village officials responded.
• Gandhi's Directions for Future ActionImportance 2/5
  Remember the forms of action Gandhi said people could take, such as picketing, refusing taxes and resignations. What single condition did he attach to all of them? Whom were people to obey after his arrest?
• Spread of Salt Law Disobedience and the CWC Programme After Gandhi's ArrestImportance 3/5
  Remember when Nehru and Gandhi were arrested and how the country reacted. After Gandhi's arrest, the Congress Working Committee planned different protests for different areas. Be able to match each protest with its area: ryotwari areas, zamindari areas and the Central Provinces.
• Tamil Nadu and MalabarImportance 3/5UPSC 2015
  Remember Rajagopalachari's salt march in Tamil Nadu, its route, and what followed it. In Malabar, who organised salt marches, and who defended the national flag at Calicut?
• Andhra Region and OrissaImportance 2/5
  What were the sibirams in Andhra, and how did support there compare with 1921–22? Remember which Gandhian led the salt satyagraha in Orissa and in which coastal districts it was effective.
• Assam and BengalImportance 3/5
  Understand why the movement stayed weak in Assam, and remember the student strike against the Cunningham Circular. In Bengal, remember the Congress factions, the communal riots, the places with strong rural movements, and the Chittagong armoury raid.
• Bihar and ChhotanagpurImportance 2/5
  Why did a no-chaukidari tax campaign replace salt making in Bihar? Remember where salt was made in Patna. In Chhotanagpur, understand what the Majhi-led movement in Hazaribagh asked its followers to do, and what the Santhals did under Gandhi's name.
• Peshawar: Khudai Khidmatgars and the Garhwal RiflesImportance 4/5UPSC 2002
  Who was Ghaffar Khan, by what other names was he known, and what was the Khudai Khidmatgars? Remember what happened in Peshawar from April 23, 1930, what a section of the Garhwal Rifles refused to do, and why this alarmed the British.
• SholapurImportance 3/5
  Who rose in Sholapur after Gandhi's arrest, and from what date? Remember what they attacked, what kind of government they set up, and how it was ended.
• Dharasana Salt SatyagrahaImportance 4/5
  Remember the date of the Dharasana raid and who led it after Gandhi's arrest. How did the authorities respond, and which other places copied this form? Who is the American journalist whose report made it known, and what did Sarojini Naidu urge the volunteers to do?
• No-Tax, Forest and No-Rent Campaigns (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Central Provinces, United Provinces)Importance 2/5
  Which form of protest marked each region: Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, the Central Provinces and the United Provinces? Why did the United Provinces no-revenue campaign turn into a no-rent campaign? How did Gujarat villagers escape police action?
• Manipur and Nagaland: Rani GaidinliuImportance 4/5
  Who was Rani Gaidinliu, and how was she linked to Haipou Jadonang? Remember her message to the people and what she asked them not to do. What happened to Jadonang in 1931, and what happened to her later?
• Forms of MobilisationImportance 3/5
  Remember the named ways of reaching and organising people: prabhat pheries, vanar senas, manjari senas, secret patrikas and magic lantern shows. Understand who or what each term refers to.
• Impact of the AgitationImportance 2/5
  What were the three effects of the movement on imports, on government income, and on elections to the Legislative Assembly?
• Participation of Women and StudentsImportance 4/5
  What did women do in the movement, and why is their participation seen as a turning point for women in public life? Remember what students and youth took the lead in.
• Participation of Muslims, Merchants, Tribals, Workers and PeasantsImportance 3/5
  Why was Muslim participation lower than in 1920–22, and where were the exceptions? Remember the regions where merchants, tribals, workers and peasants were active.
• Government's Dilemma and Repression in 1930Importance 3/5
  What was the government's dilemma in handling the movement? Remember the repressive tools it used, and when the Congress Working Committee was finally declared illegal. Why did the Simon Commission Report upset even moderate opinion?
• Peace Efforts of 1930 (Sapru–Jayakar Talks)Importance 2/5
  What did Irwin suggest in July 1930? Remember who met Gandhi in Yerawada Jail in August and the three demands they repeated, which ended the talks.
• Signing and Significance of the Gandhi-Irwin PactImportance 4/5
  Remember what happened on January 25, 1931, and the date and place of the signing. By what other name is the pact known? Understand what it meant for the Congress to be treated on an equal footing with the government.
• Terms of the Gandhi-Irwin PactImportance 5/5UPSC 2020
  What did the government agree to, including the rule on salt? Which two of Gandhi's demands did the viceroy refuse? What did the Congress agree to, and on what three matters was the next Round Table Conference to be held?
• Was the Gandhi-Irwin Pact a Retreat?Importance 4/5
  Understand the three reasons for saying that suspending the movement was not a retreat. Who was disappointed by the pact, and why? Why were many other people pleased?
• Civil Disobedience Compared with Non-CooperationImportance 5/5
  Be able to explain the eight ways in which this movement differed from the Non-Cooperation Movement. Cover its stated aim, its methods, the groups that took part less or more, labour, arrests and the strength of the Congress organisation.
• Contemporary Views on the MovementImportance 2/5
  Remember who made each of these remarks: India as "one vast prison-house", Gandhi as "the best policeman the British had in India", and the Dandi March as the "kindergarten stage of revolution".

3.Karachi Congress Session—1931

• Setting of the Karachi Session and Its Political ResolutionsImportance 3/5UPSC 2003
  Why was a special session held at Karachi, and what had just happened to Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru? Who showed black flags to Gandhi on the way, and why? Understand what the Congress said about political violence and about the three men, and which other resolutions it passed.
• Resolution on Fundamental RightsImportance 5/5UPSC 2005, 2010
  What rights did the Karachi resolution guarantee? Remember the full list of eight, especially the items on the franchise, the state and religion, primary education, and minorities.
• Resolution on National Economic ProgrammeImportance 4/5UPSC 2010
  What did the resolution promise on rent, revenue and debt for peasants, on conditions and unions for workers, and on the ownership of key industries, mines and transport?
• Significance of the Karachi ResolutionImportance 4/5
  What did these resolutions say swaraj would mean for the masses? Understand why political freedom was linked with economic freedom, and what role the resolutions played in the Congress programme in later years.

4.The Round Table Conferences

• Why the Round Table Conferences Were CalledImportance 2/5
  Which two leaders agreed that a conference should be held, and what was wrong with the recommendations of the Simon Commission?
• First RTC: Dates, Opening and Who AttendedImportance 4/5UPSC 1996
  Remember when and where it met, who opened it and who chaired it. What was new about it as a meeting between the British and Indians on equal terms? Who stayed away? Know the main groups present and some well-known delegates (such as Aga Khan III, Jinnah, Ambedkar, Sapru and Moonje).
• Outcome of the First RTCImportance 3/5
  What was generally agreed about the future shape of India and about defence and finance? Understand what the British government concluded about the Congress after this conference.
• Second RTC: Dates and Congress RepresentationImportance 4/5UPSC 2017
  Remember the dates, and who the Congress nominated to attend. Which other Congress-linked figures were also there? Know some of the groups represented in London, such as industry, labour and women.
• Why Little Was Expected from the Second RTCImportance 3/5
  Understand how changes in India and in Britain lowered hopes: the new viceroy, the new government in Britain, and revolutionary activity. Whose opposition to talks with the Congress mattered in Britain, and who was the Secretary of State for India?
• Gandhi's Stand and the Minorities DeadlockImportance 4/5
  Understand what Gandhi claimed for the Congress and what he demanded, including his position on separate electorates for untouchables and other minorities. Remember the Minorities' Pact and who joined it. How did the British use the variety of delegates, and why did the princes lose enthusiasm for federation?
• Outcome of the Second RTC (MacDonald's Announcement)Importance 3/5
  What four announcements did MacDonald make at the end of the conference? Remember the date Gandhi returned to India, and understand what the conference did and did not give Indians.
• Third RTC: Dates and AttendanceImportance 3/5UPSC 2005
  When did the conference meet, and who did not attend? Which prominent leaders attended all three conferences?
• From the White Paper to the Government of India Act, 1935Importance 3/5UPSC 2009
  Understand the steps that followed the conferences, in order: the White Paper, the debate in Parliament, the Joint Select Committee, the draft Bill and finally the Act of 1935. Remember the date of the White Paper.

5.Civil Disobedience Resumed

• Resumption of Civil Disobedience and Activity During the TruceImportance 2/5
  When did the Congress Working Committee decide to resume the movement? Remember the events of March to December 1931 that kept defiance alive in the United Provinces, the NWFP and Bengal, and the firing at Hijli Jail.
• Changed Government Attitude After the Second RTCImportance 3/5
  What lessons did senior British officials draw from the Delhi Pact? Remember their three policy aims. What did the viceroy do when Gandhi asked for a meeting, and what happened to Gandhi on January 4, 1932?
• Government Repression in the Second PhaseImportance 2/5
  Remember the measures used against the movement from 1932: ordinances, bans on Congress bodies, arrests, confiscations and press control. By what name is this system of rule known? Whom was it especially harsh on?
• Popular Response and Withdrawal of the Movement (1932–34)Importance 3/5
  Remember how many were jailed in the first four months, the forms of protest, and the two princely states with upsurges at the time. You should be able to explain the two reasons this phase could not be sustained. When did Gandhi withdraw the movement?

6.Communal Award and Poona Pact

• Announcement and Basis of the Communal AwardImportance 5/5UPSC 1996, 2002
  Who announced the Award and on what date? Which committee's findings was it based on? Remember the communities given separate electorates, including the depressed classes and, for some seats, the Marathas. Understand why nationalists led by the Congress saw it as divide and rule.
• Ambedkar and the Demand for Separate ElectoratesImportance 4/5UPSC 2005, 2012
  Understand how the demand for separate electorates for the depressed classes grew: Ambedkar's evidence to the Simon Commission, what the Commission did with the proposal, and the clash with Gandhi at the Second RTC. How did MacDonald's mediation lead to the Award?
• Main Provisions of the Communal AwardImportance 4/5UPSC 1997
  What did the Award provide for the depressed classes: the length of the arrangement, the "double vote" and their status? Remember what it said about the number of provincial seats, weightage for Muslims, seats for women, and seats for the Marathas in Bombay.
• Congress Stand on the Communal AwardImportance 4/5
  What was the Congress position on separate electorates and on changing the Award? Understand why it decided neither to accept nor to reject the Award.
• Gandhi's Response and FastImportance 4/5UPSC 2012, 2021
  Be able to explain why Gandhi thought separate electorates would keep untouchability alive. What electorate did he demand for the depressed classes, and what did he not object to? When did his fast begin, and which leaders came together to find a compromise?
• Terms of the Poona PactImportance 5/5UPSC 1997, 2005
  On what date was the Pact signed, and who signed for the depressed classes? What happened to separate electorates under it, and what happened to the seats reserved for the depressed classes in the provincial and central legislatures? How did the government treat the Pact?
• Impact of the Poona Pact on DalitsImportance 3/5
  Understand the criticisms of the Pact: how it made the depressed classes political tools, affected their leadership, bound them to the Hindu social order, and affected the later safeguards in the Constitution. These are views about its effect, not settled facts.
• Joint Electorates and the Depressed ClassesImportance 2/5
  What did the All India Scheduled Caste Federation complain about after the elections held under the Government of India Act, 1935, and what did it demand? Until when did Ambedkar continue to criticise the Poona Pact?

7.Gandhi's Harijan Campaign and Thoughts on Caste

• Harijan Campaign: Organisations, Tour and FastsImportance 4/5UPSC 2019, 2025
  Remember the organisation Gandhi set up in September 1932 and the weekly he started in 1933. How is that organisation related to the Harijan Sevak Sangh, for which he collected money on his tour? Why did he move to Wardha? Know the period of his Harijan tour and the dates of his two fasts in 1933.
• Orthodox Opposition to the CampaignImportance 2/5
  How did orthodox groups oppose Gandhi, and what support did they offer the government? Remember what happened to the Temple Entry Bill in August 1934, and why Bengal's orthodox opinion objected to the Poona Pact.
• Themes of Gandhi's Harijan CampaignImportance 3/5
  Understand the four themes Gandhi stressed: his charge against Hindu society, the opening of temples, penance by caste Hindus, and his argument on the Shastras and human dignity. Why was he not hostile to critics such as Ambedkar?
• Untouchability, Caste and Varnashram in Gandhi's ThoughtImportance 4/5
  Why did Gandhi keep the fight against untouchability apart from inter-caste marriage and inter-dining? Be clear about how he separated abolishing untouchability from abolishing caste, and how Ambedkar differed. How did he want to win over the sanatanis? What did his reform programme for Harijans cover?
• Impact of the Harijan CampaignImportance 3/5
  How did Gandhi describe the purpose of the campaign? Understand what effect it actually had on Harijans' place in the national and peasant movements.

8.Ideological Differences and Similarities Between Gandhi and Ambedkar

• Shared Symbolism in Gandhi's and Ambedkar's ActionsImportance 3/5
  Which of Ambedkar's symbolic acts is paired with Gandhi's use of foreign cloth, and which with his use of salt? Understand what each pair stood for.
• Freedom, Democracy and Indian UnityImportance 3/5
  How did the two leaders differ on how freedom would come, on parliamentary government and mass democracy, and on being bound by fixed principles? Understand their different views of Indian unity, including what Gandhi argued in *Hind Swaraj*. These are comparisons of ideas, not matters of settled fact.
• Village, the 'Harijan' Label and ReligionImportance 3/5
  Contrast their views on the village and Gramraj. Why did Ambedkar reject the name 'Harijan'? Be able to explain how they differed on the Hindu scriptures, on caste and varna, and on religion and the State, and where they agreed about religion as a force for change.
• State Power, Violence, and Means and EndsImportance 3/5
  On what did the two leaders agree about the power of the State and about peaceful change? Be clear about how they differed on violence, and on whether the means or the ends matter more.
• Machinery, Communication and Attitude to LawImportance 2/5
  How did the two differ on machinery and mechanisation, on the language they used to reach people, and on breaking the law to make it more just compared with working within constitutional methods?
• Place of Untouchables and the Remedy for UntouchabilityImportance 3/5
  How did each leader see the untouchables: as part of the Hindu whole or as a separate minority? Understand how they differed on how central untouchability was, on how to study it, and on the remedy, whether law or atonement. How does Justice Krishna Iyer sum up their difference?

1. 1.

   Consider the following statements about the Lahore session of the Congress (December 1929):
   1. It declared complete independence as the aim of the Congress.
   2. It decided to boycott the Round Table Conference.
   3. It asked all Congress members of legislatures to resign their seats.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

   1. A1 only
   2. B1 and 2 only
   3. C2 and 3 only
   4. D1, 2 and 3
2. 2.

   Consider the following statements about the Delhi Manifesto (November 1929):
   1. It demanded that the Round Table Conference formulate a constitution for implementing dominion status.
   2. It demanded majority representation for the Congress at the conference.
   3. Lord Irwin accepted its demands.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

   1. A1 only
   2. B2 and 3 only
   3. C1 and 2 only
   4. D1, 2 and 3
3. 3.

   Consider the following demands:
   1. Reduce the rupee-sterling exchange ratio to 1s 4d
   2. Reserve coastal shipping for Indians
   3. Reduce land revenue by 50 per cent
   4. Abolish the salt tax and government's salt monopoly
   How many of the above were among Gandhi's Eleven Demands (1930)?

   1. AOnly one
   2. BOnly two
   3. COnly three
   4. DAll four
4. 4.

   Consider the following statements:
   Statement-I: Gandhi chose salt as the central theme of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
   Statement-II: Salt linked the ideal of swaraj with a concrete, universal grievance of the rural poor, without socially divisive implications like a no-rent campaign.
   Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

   1. ABoth Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
   2. BBoth Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
   3. CStatement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
   4. DStatement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
5. 5.

   Match List I with List II:

   List I (Region)	List II (Leader of Civil Disobedience there)
   A. Malabar	1. Gopalbandhu Choudhuri
   B. Orissa	2. Rani Gaidinliu
   C. Peshawar	3. K. Kelappan
   D. Manipur and Nagaland	4. Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan

   Select the correct answer using the code given below:

   1. AA-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
   2. BA-1, B-3, C-4, D-2
   3. CA-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
   4. DA-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
6. 6.

   Consider the following statements about the Civil Disobedience Movement in different regions:
   1. In Sholapur, textile workers set up a virtual parallel government, dislodged only by martial law.
   2. In Peshawar, a section of the Garhwal Rifles refused to fire on an unarmed crowd.
   3. In Assam, a student strike was organised against the Cunningham Circular.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

   1. A1 only
   2. B1 and 2 only
   3. C2 and 3 only
   4. D1, 2 and 3
7. 7.

   Consider the following statements about the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931):
   1. The government agreed to release political prisoners not convicted of violence.
   2. The government allowed people in coastal villages to make salt for sale.
   3. The government accepted Gandhi's demand for a public enquiry into police excesses.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

   1. A1 only
   2. B1 and 2 only
   3. C1 and 3 only
   4. D1, 2 and 3
8. 8.

   Consider the following:
   1. Universal adult franchise
   2. Free and compulsory primary education
   3. State ownership and control of key industries, mines and means of transport
   4. Neutrality of the state in religious matters
   How many of the above were included in the Karachi resolutions (1931) on Fundamental Rights and the National Economic Programme?

   1. AOnly one
   2. BOnly two
   3. COnly three
   4. DAll four
9. 9.

   Consider the following statements comparing the Civil Disobedience Movement with the Non-Cooperation Movement:
   1. Its stated objective was complete independence.
   2. It involved violation of law from the very beginning.
   3. Muslim participation was higher than in the Non-Cooperation Movement.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

   1. A1 only
   2. B2 and 3 only
   3. C1 and 2 only
   4. D1, 2 and 3
10. 10.

    Who was the sole representative nominated by the Indian National Congress to the second Round Table Conference?

    1. AJawaharlal Nehru
    2. BMahatma Gandhi
    3. CMadan Mohan Malaviya
    4. DSarojini Naidu
11. 11.

    Consider the following statements about the second Round Table Conference:
    1. By then, Lord Willingdon had replaced Lord Irwin as viceroy.
    2. Gandhi supported separate electorates for the depressed classes.
    3. Muslims, depressed classes, Christians and Anglo-Indians came together in a 'Minorities' Pact'.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. A1 only
    2. B1 and 3 only
    3. C2 and 3 only
    4. D1, 2 and 3
12. 12.

    Consider the following statements about the Poona Pact (1932):
    1. It was signed by B.R. Ambedkar on behalf of the depressed classes.
    2. It retained separate electorates for the depressed classes but reduced their reserved seats.
    3. The government accepted it as an amendment to the Communal Award.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. A1 only
    2. B2 and 3 only
    3. C1 and 3 only
    4. D1, 2 and 3
13. 13.

    Consider the following statements:
    Statement-I: Gandhi went on an indefinite fast on 20 September 1932.
    Statement-II: Gandhi saw separate electorates for the depressed classes under the Communal Award as harmful to Indian unity and to the depressed classes themselves.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    1. ABoth Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
    2. BBoth Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
    3. CStatement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
    4. DStatement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
14. 14.

    Consider the following statements about the first Round Table Conference:
    1. It was opened by King George V on 12 November 1930 and chaired by Ramsay MacDonald.
    2. The Congress attended it.
    3. It was generally agreed that India was to develop into a federation.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. A1 only
    2. B1 and 3 only
    3. C2 and 3 only
    4. D1, 2 and 3
15. 15.

    When did Gandhi finally decide to withdraw the Civil Disobedience Movement?

    1. AMarch 1931
    2. BDecember 1931
    3. CApril 1934
    4. DJanuary 1932

1. 1.

   UPSC 2025

   "Sedition has become my religion" was the famous statement given by Gandhiji at the time of

   1. Athe Champaran Satyagraha
   2. Bpublicly violating Salt Law at Dandi
   3. Cattending the Second Round Table Conference in London
   4. Dthe launch of the Quit India Movement
2. 2.

   UPSC 2025

   Subsequent to which one of the following events, Gandhiji, who consistently opposed untouchability and appealed for its eradication from all spheres, decided to include the upliftment of 'Harijans' in his political and social programme?

   1. AThe Poona Pact
   2. BThe Gandhi-Irwin Agreement (Delhi Pact)
   3. CArrest of Congress leadership at the time of the Quit India Movement
   4. DPromulgation of the Government of India Act, 1935
3. 3.

   UPSC 2021

   Who among the following is associated with ‘Songs from Prison’, a translation of ancient Indian religious lyrics in English?

   1. ABal Gangadhar Tilak
   2. BJawaharlal Nehru
   3. CMohandas Karamchand Gandhi
   4. DSarojini Naidu
4. 4.

   UPSC 2020

   The Gandhi-Irwin Pact included which of the following ?
   1. Invitation to Congress to participate in the Round Table Conference
   2. Withdrawal of Ordinances promulgated in connection with the Civil Disobedience Movement
   3. Acceptance of Gandhiji’s suggestion for enquiry into police excesses
   4. Release of only those prisoners who were not charged with violence
   Select the correct answer using the code given below :

   1. A1 only
   2. B1, 2 and 4 only
   3. C3 only
   4. D2, 3 and 4 only
5. 5.

   UPSC 2017

   With reference to Indian freedom struggle, consider the following events :
   1. Mutiny in Royal Indian Navy
   2. Quit India Movement launched
   3. Second Round Table Conference What is the correct chronological sequence of the above events ?

   1. A1-2-3
   2. B2-1-3
   3. C3-2-1
   4. D3-1-2
6. 6.

   UPSC 2015

   Who of the following organized a march on the Tanjore coast to break the Salt Law in April 1930?

   1. AV. O. Chidambaram Pillai
   2. BC. Rajagopalachari
   3. CK. Kamaraj
   4. DAnnie Besant
7. 7.

   UPSC 2014

   The 1929 Session of Indian National Congress is of significance in the history of the Freedom Movement because the

   1. Aattainment of Self-Government was declared as the objective of the Congress
   2. Battainment of Poorna Swaraj was adopted as the goal of the Congress
   3. CNon-Cooperation Movement was launched
   4. Ddecision to participate in the Round Table Conference in London was taken
8. 8.

   UPSC 2012

   Which of the following parties were established by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar?
   1. The Peasants and Workers Party of India
   2. All India Scheduled Castes Federation
   3. The Independent Labour Party
   Select the correct answer using the codes given below :

   1. A1 and 2 only
   2. B2 and 3 only
   3. C1 and 3 only
   4. D1, 2 and 3
9. 9.

   UPSC 2012

   Mahatma Gandhi undertook fast unto death in 1932, mainly because

   1. ARound Table Conference failed to satisfy Indian political aspirations
   2. BCongress and Muslim League had differences of opinion
   3. CRamsay Macdonald announced the Communal Award
   4. DNone of the statements (a), (b) and (c) given above is correct in this context
10. 10.

    UPSC 2012

    The Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress (1929) is very important in history, because
    1. the Congress passed a resolution demanding complete independence
    2. the rift between the extremists and moderates was resolved in that Session
    3. a resolution was passed rejecting the two-nation theory in that Session
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. A1 only
    2. B2 and 3
    3. C1 and 3
    4. DNone of the above
11. 11.

    UPSC 2010

    For the Karachi session of Indian National Congress in 1931 presided over by Sardar Patel, who drafted the Resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Programme ?

    1. AMahatma Gandhi
    2. BPandit Jawaharlal Nehru
    3. CDr. Rajendra Prasad
    4. DDr. B. R. Ambedkar
12. 12.

    UPSC 2009

    Which one of the following began with the Dandi March?

    1. AHome Rule Movement
    2. BNon-Cooperation Movement
    3. CCivil Disobedience Movement
    4. DQuit India Movement
13. 13.

    UPSC 2006

    Under whose presidency was the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress held in the year 1929 wherein a resolution was adopted to gain complete independence from the British?

    1. ABal Gangadhar Tilak
    2. BGopal Krishna Gokhale
    3. CJawaharlal Nehru
    4. DMotilal Nehru
14. 14.

    UPSC 2005

    Who among the following drafted the resolution on fundamental rights for the Karachi Session of Congress in 1931?

    1. ADr. B.R. Ambedkar
    2. BPandit Jawaharlal Nehru
    3. CDr. Rajendra Prasad
    4. DSardar Vallabhbhai Patel
15. 15.

    UPSC 2005

    At which Congress Session was the Working Committee authorized to launch a programme of Civil Disobedience?

    1. ABombay
    2. BLahore
    3. CLucknow
    4. DTripuri
16. 16.

    UPSC 2005

    Consider the following statements :
    1. In the First Round Table Conference Dr. Ambedkar demanded electorates for the depressed classes.
    2. In the Poona Pact, special provisions for representation of the depressed people in the local bodies and civil services were made.
    3. The Indian National Congress did not take part in the Third Round Table Conference.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. A1 and 2
    2. B2 and 3
    3. C1 and 3
    4. D1, 2 and 3
17. 17.

    UPSC 2003

    With reference to Indian freedom struggle, which one of the following statements is correct?

    1. AThe Rowlatt Act aroused a wave of popular indignation and led to the Jallianwala Bagh massacre
    2. BSubhash Chandra Bose formed the Forward Bloc
    3. CBhagat Singh was one of the founders of Hindustan Republican Socialist Association
    4. DIn 1931, the Congress Session at Karachi opposed Gandhi-Irwin Pact
18. 18.

    UPSC 2002

    During the Indian freedom struggle, the Khudai Khidmatgars, also known as Red Shirts, called for

    1. Athe Union of Pashtun tribal areas in north-west with the Afghanistan
    2. Bthe adoption of terrorist tactics and methods for terrorising and finally ousting the colonial rulers
    3. Cthe adoption of communist revolutionary ideology for political and social reform
    4. Dthe Pathan regional nationalist unity and a struggle against colonialism
19. 19.

    UPSC 1997

    The Poona Pact which was signed between the British Government and Mahatma Gandhi in 1932 provided for

    1. Athe creation of dominion status for India
    2. Bseparate electorates for the Muslims
    3. Cseparate electorate for the Harijans
    4. Djoint electorate with reservation for Harijans
20. 20.

    UPSC 1996

    The meeting of Indian and British political leaders during 1930-32 in London has often been referred to as the First, Second and Third Round Table Conferences. It would be incorrect to refer to them as such because

    1. Athe Indian National Congress did not take part in two of them
    2. BIndian parties other than the Indian National Congress participating in the Conference represented sectional interests and not the whole of India
    3. Cthe British Labour Party had withdrawn from the Conference, thereby making the proceedings of the Conference partisan
    4. Dit was an instance of Conference held in three sessions and not that of three separate conferences
21. 21.

    UPSC 1995

    In 1930 Mahatma Gandhi started Civil Disobedience Movement from

    1. ASevagram
    2. BDandi
    3. CSabarmati
    4. DWardha
22. 22.

    UPSC 2002

    With reference to the colonial period of Indian history, match List I (Person) with List II (Event) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
    List I (Person)
    A. MacDonald
    B. Linlithgow
    C. Dalhousie
    D. Chelmsford
    List II (Event)
    1. Doctrine of Lapse
    2. Communal Award
    3. August Offer
    4. Dyarchy
    Codes:

    1. AA-3 B-2 C-1 D-4
    2. BA-3 B-2 C-4 D-1
    3. CA-2 B-3 C-1 D-4
    4. DA-2 B-3 C-4 D-1
23. 23.

    UPSC 2009

    Consider the following statements :
    1. The discussions in the Third Round Table Conference eventually led to the passing of the Government of India Act of 1935.
    2. The Government of India Act of 1935 provided for the establishment of an All India Federation to be based on a Union of the provinces of British India and the Princely States.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

    1. A1 only
    2. B2 only
    3. CBoth 1 and 2
    4. DNeither 1 nor 2
24. 24.

    UPSC 2004

    Consider the following events during India’s freedom struggle:
    1. Chauri-Chaura Outrage
    2. Minto-Morley Reforms
    3. Dandi March
    4. Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
    Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of the events above?

    1. A1 ‑ 3 ‑ 2 ‑ 4
    2. B2 ‑ 4 ‑ 1 ‑ 3
    3. C1 ‑ 4 ‑ 2 ‑ 3
    4. D2 ‑ 3 ‑ 1 ‑ 4
25. 25.

    UPSC 1997

    Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists:
    List I (Events)
    I. Morley Minto Reforms
    II. Simon Commission
    III. The Chauri-Chaura incident
    IV. The Dandi March
    List II (Results) A) Country-wide agitation B) Withdrawal of a movement C) Communal Electorates D) Communal outbreaks E) Illegal manufacture of salt
    Codes:

    1. AI-C, II-D, III-E, IV-B
    2. BI-D, II-A, III-B, IV-C
    3. CI-B, II-C, III-D, IV-E
    4. DI-C, II-A, III-B, IV-E
26. 26.

    UPSC 1997

    Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the Lists:
    List I
    I. Surat Split
    II. Communal Award
    III. All-Party Convention
    IV. Poorna Swaraj Resolution
    List II A) 1929 B) 1928 C) 1932 D) 1907 E) 1905
    Codes:

    1. AI–D, II–C, III–A, IV–E
    2. BI–D, II–C, III–B, IV–A
    3. CI–B, II–E, III–D, IV–A
    4. DI–A, II–D, III–E, IV–C
27. 27.

    UPSC 1996

    Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists:
    List I (Period)
    I. 1883
    II. 1906
    III. 1927
    IV. 1932
    List II (Event) A) Announcement of Communal Award from Whitehall B) Formation of the All-India State Peoples Conference C) Foundation of Muslim League at Dacca D) First session of National Conference at Calcutta
    Codes:

    1. AI – D, II – C, III – A, IV – B
    2. BI – C, II – D, III – A, IV – B
    3. CI – D, II – C, III – B, IV – A
    4. DI – C, II – D, III – B, IV – A
28. 28.

    UPSC 2019

    Consider the following pairs : Movement/ Organization
    1. All India Anti-Untouchability League : Mahatma Gandhi
    2. All India Kisan Sabha : Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
    3. Self-Respect Movement : E. V. Ramaswami Naicker
    Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

    1. A1 only
    2. B1 and 2 only
    3. C2 and 3 only
    4. D1, 2 and 3
29. 29.

    UPSC 2004

    Consider the following Viceroys of India during the British rule:
    1. Lord Curzon
    2. Lord Chelmsford
    3. Lord Hardinge
    4. Lord Irwin
    Which one of the following is the correct chronological order of their tenure?

    1. A1 ‑ 3 ‑ 2 ‑ 4
    2. B2 ‑ 4 ‑ 1 ‑ 3
    3. C1 ‑ 4 ‑ 2 ‑ 3
    4. D2 ‑ 3 ‑ 1 ‑ 4