Structure and Physiography

1.Geological Evolution and Divisions of India

• Northward Movement of the Indian Plate and Its ConsequencesImportance 4/5
  How old is the Earth, and which two kinds of forces shaped its surface? Understand where the Indian plate once lay, how it broke up and which way it still moves. You should be able to explain what this continuing movement causes in India, such as the Himalayas and earthquakes.
• Three Geological Divisions of IndiaImportance 4/5
  Into which three geological divisions can India be divided? Remember them in order. On what basis is this division made: relief alone, or geological structure and rock formation?

2.The Peninsular Block

• Northern Boundary and Extensions of the Peninsular BlockImportance 4/5
  Learn the line that marks the northern edge of the Peninsular Block, from Kachchh to the Ganga delta, with the places it passes. Also remember the areas outside this line that are extensions of the block (Karbi Anglong, Meghalaya, Rajasthan), and the fault that separates the northeastern part from the Chotanagpur plateau.
• Rock Composition and Stability of the PeninsulaImportance 5/5UPSC 1997, 2010, 2013
  Which ancient rocks make up most of the Peninsula, and since when has it stayed rigid? Be clear about the exceptions: the part of the western coast that lies under the sea, and the areas changed by tectonic activity without disturbing the original basement.
• Rift Valleys and Block Mountains of the PeninsulaImportance 4/5UPSC 2005
  What do vertical movements and block faulting mean, and how do they relate to the Peninsula's place on the Indo-Australian Plate? Remember the rift valleys and the block mountains that are the standard examples.
• Relict and Residual Mountains of the PeninsulaImportance 5/5UPSC 5 Years
  What do "relict" and "residual" mountains mean? Remember the main hill ranges of the Peninsula that belong to this type, such as the Aravali and the Nallamala.
• Peninsular River Valleys and East Coast DeltasImportance 3/5UPSC 2022
  Why are the river valleys of the Peninsula shallow? Remember which east-flowing rivers form deltas before reaching the Bay of Bengal, and think about how the gradient of these rivers compares with that of Himalayan rivers.

3.The Himalayas and Other Peninsular Mountains

• Structure of the Himalayas Compared with the PeninsulaImportance 4/5UPSC 2012
  How does the geological structure of the Himalayas and the other young mountains outside the Peninsula (such as the northeastern hills) differ from that of the Peninsular Block? Understand why this difference keeps them active, and what faults, folds and thrust plains are. Also know the origin of these mountains.
• Landforms of Himalayan RiversImportance 3/5
  Himalayan rivers are in their youthful stage. Which landforms show this? Remember the main examples.

4.Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain

• Origin and Filling of the Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra PlainImportance 4/5UPSC 2010
  What was the plain originally, and in which phase of Himalayan formation did it reach its fullest development? Remember which rivers filled it with sediment. Also be clear about how deep the alluvium is; note that figures for this vary.

5.Physiography

• Meaning of PhysiographyImportance 3/5
  What is physiography? Remember the three things that together decide the physiography of an area.
• Macro Relief Contrasts and Six Physiographic DivisionsImportance 4/5
  Understand the broad relief contrast between the north, the south and the region in between. On this basis, remember the six physiographic divisions of India in order.
• Parallel Ranges and Changing Orientation of the HimalayasImportance 4/5UPSC 1995, 2003
  Remember the three parallel ranges of the Himalayas from north to south with their local names, and the Trans-Himalaya. In which direction do the Himalayas run in northwestern India, in Darjiling and Sikkim, in Arunachal Pradesh, and in Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram? Understand why the northeastern hills belong to this division.
• Length and Width of the HimalayasImportance 3/5
  How long are the Himalayas, and how does their width change from west to east? Remember the approximate figures. By what other name is the Great Himalayan (central axial) range known?
• Himalayas as a DivideImportance 5/5
  In what ways are the Himalayas more than a physical barrier? You should be able to explain each of these roles and how they affect the countries of South Asia.
• Formation, Extent and Fertility of the Northern PlainsImportance 3/5
  Which rivers built the Northern Plains? Remember their approximate length and width. Understand why the soil is fertile, which crops it supports and why the population is dense.
• Bhabar, Tarai, Bhangar and KhadarImportance 5/5
  Remember the order from north to south of the Bhabar, the Tarai and the alluvial plains, with the width of the Bhabar and Tarai. Be able to explain what happens to streams in each of the first two zones. How do the alluvial plains divide into Bhangar and Khadar, and how do these two differ?
• Landforms of the Northern PlainsImportance 4/5
  Which landforms are found on the plains? Remember the main examples, and what the Brahmaputra plains are known for. Understand why floods and shifting river courses are common, and where the large deltas form.
• Elevation, Water Divide and the Brahmaputra's TurnImportance 4/5UPSC 2011
  What is the general elevation of the plains? Which state and Union Territory form the water divide between the Indus and Ganga river systems? Remember the direction in which the Brahmaputra flows, and where it turns before entering Bangladesh.
• Extent and Outer Limits of the Peninsular PlateauImportance 4/5
  Learn the height range of the plateau and the hills that mark its outer limits in the northwest, east, west and south. Where does it extend in the northeast? Know the patland plateaus that form it.
• Relief Features, Slope and Soils of the Peninsular PlateauImportance 5/5UPSC 2003, 2013, 2021
  Which way does the plateau slope, and how do its rivers show this? Remember its typical features (such as tors, block mountains, rift valleys and dykes) and the region where black soil is found.
• Faulting, Bhima Fault and Chambal RavinesImportance 3/5
  The plateau has gone through repeated uplift and submergence. Why does the Bhima fault need special mention? Remember where the well-known ravines lie, and the three broad divisions of the plateau.
• Boundaries of the Deccan PlateauImportance 3/5
  Know the ranges and hills that border the Deccan Plateau in the west, east and north.
• Western Ghats: Local Names, Elevation and PeaksImportance 5/5UPSC 2005, 2014, 2017
  By what local names are the Western Ghats known in different states? Remember their average height and how it changes from north to south. Which is the highest peak of the Peninsular plateau, and on which hills does it lie? Which is the highest peak of the Nilgiris? Understand why the Western Ghats matter for the Peninsular rivers.
• Western Ghats versus Eastern GhatsImportance 5/5UPSC 2007, 2008, 2023
  How do the two Ghats differ in height, continuity and the effect of rivers on them? Remember the main ranges of the Eastern Ghats and the place where the two Ghats meet.
• Extent and Rocks of the Central HighlandsImportance 3/5UPSC 2023
  Learn the range that bounds the Central Highlands in the west, and the Satpura range as an example of relict mountains. How far west does the plateau extend, and what landforms cover it there? Which kind of rocks are found, and what does this show?
• Slope and Drainage of the Central HighlandsImportance 4/5
  Remember the elevation of the Central Highlands and the direction of their slope. From which ranges do most Yamuna tributaries rise? Which important tributary of the Chambal is an exception? Know the eastern extension of the highlands and the minerals of the Chotanagpur plateau.
• Origin and Divisions of the Northeastern PlateauImportance 4/5UPSC 2014
  Understand how a fault formed between the Rajmahal hills and the Meghalaya plateau, what caused it, and what later happened to it. Remember the three divisions of the Meghalaya plateau and how they got their names. Where else is an extension seen?
• Minerals and Rainfall of the Meghalaya PlateauImportance 3/5
  Know the main minerals of the Meghalaya plateau. Understand how heavy rainfall has affected its surface, and what Cherrapunji shows about this.
• Climate and Landforms of the Indian Desert (Marusthali)Importance 4/5
  Where does the desert lie in relation to the Aravali hills? Remember its rainfall level and why it is also called Marusthali. Know its dunes and other landforms made by wind and weathering, and where oases are found.
• Past of the Indian Desert and Its Fossil EvidenceImportance 3/5
  Was the desert region always dry land? Remember the places that give evidence about its past and the approximate age of the fossils. What lies beneath the desert surface, and why do the surface features look so different from it?
• Slope and Inland Drainage of the Indian DesertImportance 4/5UPSC 2004, 2021
  Into which two parts can the desert be divided by slope, and where does each part slope? Remember its main river. Understand what inland drainage means here, and why the lakes and playas are a source of salt.
• Type of Coast on the Western Coastal PlainsImportance 4/5UPSC 2023, 2026
  What type of coastal plain is the western one, and what evidence of this is there in the case of Dwaraka? Understand why this makes the plain narrow and why it suits natural ports. Know some important natural ports along the west coast by their current official names (several have been renamed).
• Divisions, Deltas and Kayals of the Western CoastImportance 4/5UPSC 2002, 2004
  Remember each regional division of the western coast from north to south, with its state, including the coast of Karnataka (Kannad or Canara). Where is the plain narrow, and where is it broad? Why do its rivers not form deltas? What are kayals, what are they used for, and which famous boat race is held on one of them?
• Type of Coast on the Eastern Coastal PlainsImportance 4/5UPSC 2002
  How does the eastern coastal plain compare with the western one in width, deltas and ports? Understand what type of coast it is and why the east coast has fewer natural harbours. Know the deltas formed here.
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands: Location, Origin and DivisionsImportance 5/5UPSC 2014
  Remember the latitude and longitude of the Bay of Bengal island group, the approximate number of islands (counts differ), and its two broad divisions. Which channel lies between them? Understand how most of the islands formed and which ones are volcanic, and what Barren Island shows.
• Peaks, Coasts and Climate of the Andaman and Nicobar IslandsImportance 4/5UPSC 1996, 2018, 2026
  Learn the important peaks of these islands and the island on which each lies. Know what kind of rainfall and vegetation the islands have, and what is found along their coasts.
• Lakshadweep Islands and Comparison with the Bay of Bengal GroupImportance 5/5
  Remember where Lakshadweep lies, its distance from Kerala and what the islands are built of. Which channel separates Minicoy from the rest of the group? What are storm beaches, and on which side of the islands are they found? Be able to explain how this group differs from the Bay of Bengal group in origin.

1. 1.

   Consider the following statements:
   1. India can be divided into three geological divisions: the Peninsular Block, the Himalayas and other Peninsular mountains, and the Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain.
   2. The Peninsula is formed essentially of very ancient gneisses and granites.
   3. The Himalayas are rigid and stable in their geological structure.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

   1. A1 only
   2. B2 and 3 only
   3. C1, 2 and 3
   4. D1 and 2 only
2. 2.

   Consider the following statements about the Peninsular Block:
   1. The Karbi Anglong and the Meghalaya Plateau are extensions of this block.
   2. Its northeastern parts are separated from the Chotanagpur plateau by the Malda fault.
   3. Its northern boundary runs from Kachchh along the western flank of the Aravali Range near Delhi.
   4. The rift valleys of the Narmada, the Tapi and the Godavari are examples of its block faulting.
   How many of the above statements are correct?

   1. AOnly one
   2. BOnly two
   3. COnly three
   4. DAll four
3. 3.

   Match List I with List II:

   List I (Belt of the Northern Plains)	List II (Feature)
   A. Bhabar	1. New alluvial deposits
   B. Tarai	2. Narrow belt where streams deposit boulders and at times disappear
   C. Bhangar	3. Streams re-emerge, creating marshy and swampy conditions
   D. Khadar	4. Old alluvial deposits

   Select the correct answer using the code given below:

   1. AA-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
   2. BA-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
   3. CA-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
   4. DA-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
4. 4.

   Consider the following statements about the Northern Plains:
   1. Haryana and Delhi form a water divide between the Indus and the Ganga river systems.
   2. The Brahmaputra takes an almost 90° southward turn at Dhubri before entering Bangladesh.
   3. The general elevation of the plains is 500–1,500 m above mean sea level.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

   1. A1 and 2 only
   2. B2 and 3 only
   3. C1 and 3 only
   4. D1, 2 and 3
5. 5.

   Consider the following statements about the Western and Eastern Ghats:
   1. The Western Ghats are higher and more continuous than the Eastern Ghats.
   2. The height of the Western Ghats decreases from north to south.
   3. Anaimudi, the highest peak of the Peninsular plateau, is on the Nilgiri hills.
   4. The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous low hills, highly eroded by rivers such as the Mahanadi and the Godavari.
   How many of the above statements are correct?

   1. AOnly one
   2. BOnly two
   3. COnly three
   4. DAll four
6. 6.

   Consider the following pairs:

   Local name of the Western Ghats	State(s)
   1. Sahyadri	Maharashtra
   2. Nilgiri hills	Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
   3. Cardamom hills	Kerala

   How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

   1. AOnly one
   2. BOnly two
   3. CAll three
   4. DNone
7. 7.

   Which one of the following is the only significant tributary of the Chambal that originates from the Aravalli in the west?

   1. ABetwa
   2. BKen
   3. CSind
   4. DBanas
8. 8.

   Consider the following statements about the Northeastern Plateau:
   1. It became detached from the main Peninsular Block because of a fault between the Rajmahal hills and the Meghalaya plateau.
   2. The Meghalaya plateau is divided into the Garo, Khasi and Jaintia hills, named after the tribal groups living there.
   3. Unlike the Chotanagpur plateau, the Meghalaya plateau is poor in mineral resources.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

   1. A1 only
   2. B1 and 2 only
   3. C2 and 3 only
   4. D1, 2 and 3
9. 9.

   Consider the following statements about the Indian Desert (Marusthali):
   1. It receives rainfall below 150 mm per year.
   2. It is believed to have been under the sea during the Mesozoic era.
   3. Its northern part slopes towards the Rann of Kachchh.
   4. Some of its streams end in a lake or playa, a typical case of inland drainage.
   How many of the above statements are correct?

   1. AOnly one
   2. BOnly two
   3. COnly three
   4. DAll four
10. 10.

    Consider the following statements:
    Statement-I: The western coastal plains provide natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours.
    Statement-II: The western coastal plains are an example of a submerged coastal plain.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    1. ABoth Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
    2. BBoth Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
    3. CStatement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
    4. DStatement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
11. 11.

    Consider the following statements:
    1. The rivers flowing through the western coastal plain do not form any delta.
    2. 'Kayals' (backwaters) are a distinguishing feature of the Konkan coast.
    3. The eastern coastal plain is an example of an emergent coast.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. A1 and 2 only
    2. B2 and 3 only
    3. C1 and 3 only
    4. D1, 2 and 3
12. 12.

    Consider the following statements about India's islands:
    1. The Andaman islands are separated from the Nicobar islands by the Ten degree channel.
    2. Barren island, the only active volcano in India, is in the Andaman and Nicobar islands.
    3. The Lakshadweep islands are built entirely of coral deposits.
    4. Saddle peak is located in Great Nicobar.
    How many of the above statements are correct?

    1. AOnly one
    2. BOnly two
    3. COnly three
    4. DAll four
13. 13.

    Consider the following statements:
    Statement-I: Landforms such as gorges, V-shaped valleys, rapids and waterfalls are common in the Himalayas.
    Statement-II: The Himalayas are dissected by fast-flowing rivers which are in their youthful stage.
    Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

    1. ABoth Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I
    2. BBoth Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II does not explain Statement-I
    3. CStatement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect
    4. DStatement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct
14. 14.

    The Indo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain was originally

    1. Aa rift valley formed by faulting
    2. Ba geo-synclinal depression filled by sediments
    3. Ca volcanic plateau covered by alluvium
    4. Dan emerged part of the continental shelf
15. 15.

    Match List I with List II:

    List I (Peak)	List II (Island)
    A. Saddle peak	1. Great Nicobar
    B. Mount Diavolo	2. South Andaman
    C. Mount Koyob	3. North Andaman
    D. Mount Thuiller	4. Middle Andaman

    Select the correct answer using the code given below:

    1. AA-4, B-3, C-2, D-1
    2. BA-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
    3. CA-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
    4. DA-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

1. 1.

   UPSC 2010

   If there were no Himalayan ranges, what would have been the most likely geographical impact on India?
   1. Much of the country would experience the cold waves from Siberia.
   2. Indo-Gangetic plain would be devoid of such extensive alluvial soils.
   3. The pattern of monsoon would be different from what it is at present.
   Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

   1. A1 only
   2. B1 and 3 only
   3. C2 and 3 only
   4. D1, 2 and 3
2. 2.

   UPSC 2004

   Assertion (A): West-flowing rivers of Peninsular India have no deltas. Reason (R): These rivers do not carry any alluvial sediment.

   1. ABoth A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
   2. BBoth A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
   3. CA is true but R is false
   4. DA is false but R is true
3. 3.

   UPSC 2026

   With reference to the climate of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, which of the following statements is/are correct ?
   1. The climate can be defined as a humid, tropical coastal climate.
   2. It receives rainfall from both South-west monsoon and North-east monsoon.
   3. Maximum precipitation is between December and May.
   Select the answer using the code given below :

   1. A1 only
   2. B1 and 2
   3. C2 and 3
   4. D3 only
4. 4.

   UPSC 2026

   Which of the following geographical features or phenomena is/are associated with the Peninsular Block of India ?
   1. Submergence of parts of the western coast due to tectonic activity
   2. Presence of residual mountain ranges such as the Veliconda hills and Mahendragiri hills
   3. Deep, V-shaped river valleys formed by fast-flowing rivers
   Select the answer using the code given below :

   1. A1 only
   2. B1 and 2
   3. C2 and 3
   4. D3 only
5. 5.

   UPSC 2023

   Which one of the following is the best example of repeated falls in sea level, giving rise to present-day extensive marshland?

   1. ABhitarkanika Mangroves
   2. BMarakkanam Salt Pans
   3. CNaupada Swamp
   4. DRann of Kutch
6. 6.

   UPSC 2023

   Consider the following statements :
   1. Amarkantak Hills are at the confluence of Vindhya and Sahyadri Ranges.
   2. Biligirirangan Hills constitute the easternmost part of Satpura Range.
   3. Seshachalam Hills constitute the southernmost part of Western Ghats.
   How many of the statements given above are correct?

   1. AOnly one
   2. BOnly two
   3. CAll three
   4. DNone
7. 7.

   UPSC 2022

   Gandikota canyon of South India was created by which one of the following rivers ?

   1. ACauvery
   2. BManjira
   3. CPennar
   4. DTungabhadra
8. 8.

   UPSC 2022

   Consider the following pairs : Peak — Mountains
   1. Namcha Barwa — Garhwal Himalaya
   2. Nanda Devi — Kumaon Himalaya
   3. Nokrek — Sikkim Himalaya
   Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched ?

   1. A1 and 2
   2. B2 only
   3. C1 and 3
   4. D3 only
9. 9.

   UPSC 2021

   With reference to India, Didwana, Kuchaman, Sargol and Khatu are the names of

   1. Aglaciers
   2. Bmangrove areas
   3. CRamsar sites
   4. Dsaline lakes
10. 10.

    UPSC 2021

    The black cotton soil of India has been formed due to the weathering of

    1. Abrown forest soil
    2. Bfissure volcanic rock
    3. Cgranite and schist
    4. Dshale and limestone
11. 11.

    UPSC 2020

    Siachen Glacier is situated to the

    1. AEast of Aksai Chin
    2. BEast of Leh
    3. CNorth of Gilgit
    4. DNorth of Nubra Valley
12. 12.

    UPSC 2018

    Consider the following statements :
    1. The Barren Island volcano is an active volcano located in the Indian territory.
    2. Barren Island lies about 140 km east of Great Nicobar.
    3. The last time the Barren Island volcano erupted was in 1991 and it has remained inactive since then.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

    1. A1 only
    2. B2 and 3
    3. C3 only
    4. D1 and 3
13. 13.

    UPSC 2017

    Consider the following statements :
    1. In India, the Himalayas are spread over five States only.
    2. Western Ghats are spread over five States only.
    3. Pulicat Lake is spread over two States only.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

    1. A1 and 2 only
    2. B3 only
    3. C2 and 3 only
    4. D1 and 3 only
14. 14.

    UPSC 2016

    Consider the following pairs : Famous place
    1. Bodhgaya : Baghelkhand
    2. Khajuraho : Bundelkhand
    3. Shirdi : Vidarbha
    4. Nasik (Nashik) : Malwa
    5. Tirupati : Rayalaseema
    Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

    1. A1, 2 and 4
    2. B2, 3, 4 and 5
    3. C2 and 5 only
    4. D1, 3, 4 and 5
15. 15.

    UPSC 2015

    Consider the following pairs : Place of Pilgrimage
    1. Srisailam : Nallamala Hills
    2. Omkareshwar : Satmala Hills
    3. Pushkar : Mahadeo Hills
    Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

    1. A1 only
    2. B2 and 3 only
    3. C1 and 3 only
    4. D1, 2 and 3
16. 16.

    UPSC 2014

    Which one of the following pairs of islands is separated from each other by the 'Ten Degree Channel'?

    1. AAndaman and Nicobar
    2. BNicobar and Sumatra
    3. CMaldives and Lakshadweep
    4. DSumatra and Java
17. 17.

    UPSC 2014

    Consider the following pairs : Hills
    1. Cardamom Hills : Coromandel Coast
    2. Kaimur Hills : Konkan Coast
    3. Mahadeo Hills : Central India
    4. Mikir Hills : North-East India
    Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?

    1. A1 and 2
    2. B2 and 3
    3. C3 and 4
    4. D2 and 4
18. 18.

    UPSC 2013

    Which of the following statements regarding laterite soils of India are correct?
    1. They are generally red in colour.
    2. They are rich in nitrogen and potash.
    3. They are well-developed in Rajasthan and UP.
    4. Tapioca and cashew nuts grow well on these soils.
    Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

    1. A1, 2 and 3
    2. B2, 3 and 4
    3. C1 and 4
    4. D2 and 3 only
19. 19.

    UPSC 2013

    Consider the following statements :
    1. Natural gas occurs in the Gondwana beds.
    2. Mica occurs in abundance in Kodarma.
    3. Dharwars are famous for petroleum.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

    1. A1 and 2
    2. B2 only
    3. C2 and 3
    4. DNone
20. 20.

    UPSC 2012

    When you travel in Himalayas, you will see the following :
    1. Deep gorges
    2. U-turn river courses
    3. Parallel mountain ranges
    4. Steep gradients causing landsliding
    Which of the above can be said to be the evidences for Himalayas being young fold mountains?

    1. A1 and 2 only
    2. B1, 2 and 4 only
    3. C3 and 4 only
    4. D1, 2, 3 and 4
21. 21.

    UPSC 2011

    The Brahmaputra, Irrawady and Mekong rivers originate in Tibet and flow through narrow and parallel mountain ranges in their upper reaches. Of these rivers, Brahmaputra makes a "U" turn in its course to flow into India. This "U" turn is due to

    1. Auplift of folded Himalayan series
    2. Bsyntaxis bending of geologically young Himalayas
    3. Cgeo-tectonic disturbance in the tertiary folded mountain chains
    4. DBoth (a) and (b) above
22. 22.

    UPSC 2010

    Which one of the following is the appropriate reason for considering the Gondwana rocks as most important of rock systems of India?

    1. AMore than 90% of limestone reserves of India are found in them
    2. BMore than 90% of India's coal reserves are found in them
    3. CMore than 90% of fertile black cotton soils are spread over them
    4. DNone of the reasons given above is appropriate in this context
23. 23.

    UPSC 2008

    Which of the following hills are found where the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats meet?

    1. AAnaimalai Hills
    2. BCardamom Hills
    3. CNilgiri Hills
    4. DShevaroy Hills
24. 24.

    UPSC 2007

    Where are the Shevaroy Hills located?

    1. AAndhra Pradesh
    2. BKarnataka
    3. CKerala
    4. DTamil Nadu
25. 25.

    UPSC 2007

    In which State is the Guru Shikhar Peak located?

    1. ARajasthan
    2. BGujarat
    3. CMadhya Pradesh
    4. DMaharashtra
26. 26.

    UPSC 2006

    Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
    List – I (Valley)
    A. Markha Valley
    B. Dzukou Valley
    C. Sangla Valley
    D. Yumthang Valley
    List – II (State)
    1. Sikkim
    2. Himachal Pradesh
    3. Jammu and Kashmir
    4. Nagaland
    Codes : A B C D

    1. A2 4 3 1
    2. B3 1 2 4
    3. C2 1 3 4
    4. D3 4 2 1
27. 27.

    UPSC 2005

    Which one of the following statements is not correct?

    1. AThe Western Ghats are relatively higher in their northern region
    2. BThe Anaimudi is the highest peak in the Western Ghats
    3. CTapti river lies to the south of Satpura.
    4. DThe Narmada and the Tapi river valleys are said to be old rift valleys.
28. 28.

    UPSC 2005

    Which one of the following is the correct sequence of the given hills starting from the north and going towards the south?

    1. ANallamalai Hills – Nilgiri Hills – Javadi Hills – Anaimalai Hills
    2. BAnaimalai Hills – Javadi Hills – Nilgiri Hills – Nallamalai Hills
    3. CNallamalai Hills – Javadi Hills – Nilgiri Hills – Anaimalai Hills
    4. DAnaimalai Hills – Nallamalai Hills – Javadi Hills – Nilgiri Hills
29. 29.

    UPSC 2004

    Consider the following statements:
    1. Mahadeo Hills
    2. Sahyadri Parvat
    3. Satpura Range What is the correct sequence of the above from the north to the south?

    1. A1, 2, 3
    2. B2, 1, 3
    3. C1, 3, 2
    4. D2, 3, 1
30. 30.

    UPSC 2004

    Lake Sambhar is nearest to which one of the following cities of Rajasthan?

    1. ABharatpur
    2. BJaipur
    3. CJodhpur
    4. DUdaipur
31. 31.

    UPSC 2003

    Nanda Devi peak forms a part of

    1. AAssam Himalayas
    2. BKumaon Himalayas
    3. CNepal Himalayas
    4. DPunjab Himalayas
32. 32.

    UPSC 2003

    Among the following cities, which one is at the highest altitude above mean sea level?

    1. ABangalore
    2. BDelhi
    3. CJodhpur
    4. DNagpur
33. 33.

    UPSC 2002

    Which one of the following is a lagoon?

    1. AAshtamudi lake
    2. BChilka lake
    3. CPeriyar lake
    4. DPulicat lake
34. 34.

    UPSC 1997

    Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
    List I
    I. Deccan Traps
    II. Western Ghats
    III. Aravalli
    IV. Narmada-Tapi
    List II A) Late Cenozoic B) Pre-Cambrian C) Cretaceous-Eocene D) Cambrian Alluvial deposits E) Pleistocene
    Codes:

    1. AI-C, II-E, III-A, IV-D
    2. BI-C, II-A, III-B, IV-E
    3. CI-B, II-A, III-C, IV-D
    4. DI-A, II-D, III-B, IV-E
35. 35.

    UPSC 1996

    'Saddle Peak', the highest peak of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, is located in

    1. AGreat Nicobar
    2. BMiddle Andaman
    3. CLittle Andaman
    4. DNorth Andaman
36. 36.

    UPSC 1995

    Which one of the following mountain ranges is spread over only one State in India?

    1. AAravalli
    2. BSatpura
    3. CAjanta
    4. DSahyadri
37. 37.

    UPSC 1995

    Arakan Yoma is the extension of the Himalayas located in

    1. ABaluchistan
    2. BMyanmar
    3. CNepal
    4. DKashmir