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Energy Sources, Renewables and Energy Conservation (Environment & Ecology) · Prelims Plan · Agyan Shatru
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ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY
ENVIRONMENT & ECOLOGY
19 Topics.
ECOLOGY AND ECOSYSTEM BASICS
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Environment, Habitat and Ecosystem
Components of an Ecosystem
Levels of Organisation in Ecology
Principles of Ecology
FUNCTIONS OF AN ECOSYSTEM
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Homeostasis in Ecosystem
Ecological Succession
Trophic Levels and Food Chain
Food Web
Ecological Pyramids
Pollutants and Trophic Levels
Biogeochemical Cycles and Their Types
Carbon Cycle
Nitrogen Cycle
Methane Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle
Sulphur Cycle
NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS, WETLANDS AND COASTS
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Terrestrial Ecosystems or Biomes
Aquatic Ecosystems
Natural Ecosystem Services and Goods
Wetlands: Meaning and Types
Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem
Mangroves
Importance of Wetlands
Threats to Wetlands and Their Mitigation
Measures to Protect Wetlands of India
Ramsar Convention on Wetlands
Coastal Regulation Zone Rules
Coastal Zone Management and Blue Flag Beaches
BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Terms Related to Biodiversity
Biodiversity Hotspots
Biodiversity of India
Loss of Biodiversity
Causes Behind Biodiversity Loss
Consequences of Loss of Biodiversity
Ex Situ Conservation
National Initiatives for Biodiversity Conservation
Convention on Biological Diversity
Other International Efforts
Biological Diversity Act, 2002
WILDLIFE LAW AND PROTECTED AREA CATEGORIES
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
In Situ Conservation
Protected Areas Under the Wild Life (Protection) Act
Biosphere Reserves
Eco-Sensitive Zones
Sacred Groves
Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972
Schedules of the Wild Life (Protection) Act
Bodies Constituted Under the WPA
Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2022
Critical Wildlife Habitats
PROTECTED AREA NETWORK OF INDIA
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries of India
Tiger Reserves of India
Elephant Reserves of India
Ramsar Sites of India
Biosphere Reserves of India
Natural World Heritage Sites in India
Biodiversity Heritage Sites of India
Tiger, Leopard, Lion and Elephant Populations by State
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Regulating Trade in Wildlife
Convention on Migratory Species
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Tiger Conservation
International Efforts Towards Tiger Conservation
Species Conservation Programmes
National Wildlife Schemes, Plans and Bodies
FAUNA OF INDIA
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Carnivorous Mammals
Elephants, Rhinoceroses and Hoofed Mammals
Primates and Other Mammals
Birds
Fish
Reptiles and Amphibians
Invertebrates
Plant Species in Focus
FLORA OF INDIA AND INVASIVE SPECIES
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Plant Classification
Effect of Abiotic Components on Plants
Tree Characters
Insectivorous Plants
Medicinal and Threatened Plants
Invasive Alien Species
Invasive Alien Flora of India
Invasive Fauna of India
FORESTS OF INDIA
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Forest Survey of India and Forest Assessment Terms
Findings of the Latest India State of Forest Report
National Forest Inventory and Carbon Stock
Forest Types of India
Global Forest Resources Assessment and International Forest Bodies
Indian Forest Act 1927
Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 and the 2023 Amendment
Forest Rights Act 2006
National Forest Policy 1988
Afforestation Programmes
Compensatory Afforestation
Green Credit Programme
Aerial Seeding for Reforestation
ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN INDIA
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Constitutional and Judicial Foundations
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
Recent Rules Under the EPA
Environmental Impact Assessment
National Green Tribunal
Protection Against Chemical Disasters
Environmental Movements in India
Rights of Nature and Environmental Justice
AIR POLLUTION
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Pollution and Classification of Air Pollutants
Major Causes of Air Pollution
Particulate Matter
Gaseous Air Pollutants
Minor Air Pollutants
Noise Pollution
Impact of Air Pollution on Health and Environment
Smog
Acid Rain
Ocean Acidification
Aerosols and Monsoon Rainfall
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion
Regulation of Ozone-Depleting Substances
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
Control of Industrial Air Pollution
Control of Vehicular Air Pollution
National Indices for Monitoring and Awareness
National Initiatives for Air Pollution Control
Global Initiatives for Air Pollution Control
Other Air Pollution Control Measures
WATER POLLUTION AND WATER CONSERVATION
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Water Pollution and Its Measurement
Causes of Water Pollution
Effects of Water Pollution
Water Pollution Control Technologies
Water Act and Water Cess Act
Water Quality Standards and River Conservation
Measures to Curb Marine Pollution
Water Scarcity, Water Stress and Water Risk
India's Water Situation
National Water Conservation Measures
National Groundwater Conservation Measures
Recommended Conservation Measures
Droughts
WASTE, HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AND INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Plastic Pollution
Solid Waste: Sources, Treatment and Disposal
Solid Waste Management Rules
Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016
Hazardous Waste and Persistent Organic Pollutants
International Conventions on Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes
Regulatory Measures by India
Heavy Metals
Electronic Waste
Highly Polluting Industries in India
Pollutants from Highly Polluting Industries
Rules for Hazardous Micro-Organisms and Genetically Engineered Organisms, 1989
LAND DEGRADATION AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Land Degradation and Its Major Causes
Soil Erosion
Desertification and Land Degradation in India
Soil Conservation
International Action Against Desertification
Green Revolution
Sustainable Agriculture
Nutrient Management
Pesticide Regulatory Regime in India
Organic Farming
Natural Farming
Modern Agricultural Practices
Genetically Modified Crops
ENERGY SOURCES, RENEWABLES AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Conventional and Unconventional Energy Sources
Installed Power Capacity, Targets and Energy Outlook
Cleaner (Alternative) Energy Sources
Solar Power
Wind Energy
Biofuels
Hydrogen Economy
Nuclear Energy
Radioactive Pollution
Challenges Faced by Renewable Energy
Measures to Boost Renewable Energy
Energy Conservation Measures
GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Global Warming, Climate Change and the Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)
Carbon Footprint
Climate Sensitivity
Emission Reports and Climate Indices
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Heat Waves and Urban Heat Islands
Marine Heat Waves and Tropical Cyclones
Shrinking Cryosphere and Arctic Amplification
Sea Level Change
Other Impacts of Global Warming
Coral Reefs and Coral Bleaching
Clean Coal Technology to Reduce CO₂ Emissions
Carbon Sink and Carbon Sequestration
Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)
Geoengineering to Fight Climate Change
Transition Away from Coal
Transition to a Green Economy
Decarbonisation of the Transportation Sector
Climate Smart Cities
India's National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and Climate Commitments
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONVENTIONS
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
UN Conference on the Human Environment, Stockholm (1972)
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro (1992)
Sustainable Development and the SDGs
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
Kyoto Protocol
UNFCCC Summits from Kyoto to Paris
Paris Agreement
Net Zero and the Emissions Gap
Climate Finance
COP26: Glasgow (2021)
COP27: Sharm El-Sheikh (2022)
COP28: Dubai (2023)
COP29: Baku (2024)
COP30: Belém (2025)
Other Climate Initiatives and Partnerships
RECAP OF ALL ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS
Pre-Study
Study
Post-Study
Constitutional and Legislative Basis
Chronology of Environmental Laws
Bodies and Authorities Under Environmental Laws
Rules and Notifications and Their Parent Acts
Key Definitions Across Environmental Laws
Offences, Penalties and Enforcement
Appeals and the National Green Tribunal
Principles and Doctrines in Environmental Law
Commonly Confused Laws and Pairs
Laws and Policies Beyond the Core Environment Acts
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